2D-nanomaterials (2DNM) including graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are being researched and developed for commercial use, due to their wide spectrum of applications, ranging from electronic devices to sensors. GFNs include the Nobel Prize winning material, Graphene, and it is currently starting to be produced in mass scale.  Graphene Oxide (GO) is a functionalised form of graphene and is easily exfoliated in aqueous medium.  GOs suspend more regularly than graphene in water, and therefore offer more possibilities for up-scaling in certain applications of GFNs. However, the life cycle of these materials after their application and an understanding of their impact on the environment are still in their infancy.

Peng Adam Li describes his research which aims to demonstrate why fast, responsive, lightweight and small optical sensors are ideal for monitoring large structures in challenging environments.